Láser de baja frecuencia para aftas mayores recurrentes. Caso Clínico / Low frequency laser for major recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Clinical case

La estomatitis aftosa recurrente (menor, mayor o herpética) es una de las enfermedades bucodentales más frecuentes, de etiología multifactorial y con predisposición genética. Para esta patología su diagnóstico es clínico, y tomando como base la historia clínica se puede discriminar con otras patologías ulcerativas. La terapia con láser de baja potencia (LLLT) se propone como un tratamiento no invasivo, actuando como un fotomodulador celular, por lo que reduce el dolor, la inflamación, y estimula la regeneración tisular, previniendo daños. En el presente artículo se reporta a un niño de 11 años con una herida dolorosa de 4 meses en el borde posterior de la lengua que apareció tras una mordedura, en el que a la exploración clínica se encontró una lesión amarillenta con zonas enrojecidas, rodeada de un halo blanquecino de bordes redondeados. Para el tratamiento se utilizó LLLT, luego de una semana disminuyó el dolor, el paciente comenzó a comer correctamente, a los 15 días se observó una reducción de los bordes rojizos de la lesión, pasado el mes la lesión había remitido casi por completo. La LLLT se describe como un tratamiento eficaz, no invasivo, reduciendo los síntomas, y mejorando la calidad de vida del paciente al promover la curación de las lesiones.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (minor, major or herpetic) is one of the most frequent bucodental diseases, of multifactorial etiology and with genetic predisposition. The diagnosis of this pathology is clinical, and based on the clinical history it can be discriminated with other ulcerative pathologies. Low power laser therapy (LLLT) is proposed as a non-invasive treatment, acting as a cellular photo modulator, which reduces pain, inflammation, and stimulating tissue regeneration, preventing damage. This article reports an 11-year-old boy with a 4-month-old painful wound on the posterior edge of the tongue that appeared after a bite, in which clinical examination revealed a yellowish lesion with reddened areas, surrounded by a whitish halo with rounded edges. LLLT was used for the treatment, after one week the pain decreased, the patient started to eat properly, after 15 days a reduction of the reddish edges of the lesion was observed, after one month the lesion had almost completely remitted. LLLT is described as an effective, non-invasive treatment, which reduces symptoms and improves the patient's quality of life promoting the healing of the lesions.

Manifestaciones clínicas e histopatológicas de la eritroplasia bucal en pacientes fumadores de tabaco

Fundamento la eritroplasia es la lesión precancerosa más agresiva de la cavidad oral, con un gran potencial de transformación maligna. Al momento de practicar la biopsia y analizar la muestra, puede aparecer una displasia severa o un carcinoma invasivo. Objetivo describir las manifestaciones clínicas e histopatológicas de la eritroplasia bucal en pacientes fumadores activos de tabaco. Métodos se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, con 12 fumadores diagnosticados clínica e histopatológicamente con eritroplasia bucal, atendidos en la consulta estomatológica del Policlínico de Especialidades del Hospital Saturnino Lora Torres, de Santiago de Cuba. Para la recolección del dato primario se confeccionó una encuesta con las variables: edad, sexo, diagnóstico clínico, tiempo en el hábito de fumar, diferentes formas de consumir tabaco, localización anatómica y estudio histopatológico de la enfermedad. Resultados prevaleció el sexo masculino, el grupo etario de 60 y más años, y los fumadores convencionales de 21 y más años. El infiltrado inflamatorio crónico intenso y la displasia epitelial severa resultaron los cambios hísticos más comunes. Los signos displásicos tisulares mayormente implicados fueron la alteración de los clavos interpapilares, pérdida de la polaridad de las células basales e hiperplasia de las células del estrato basal; mientras que los displásicos citológicos más relevantes resultaron la hipercromasia de núcleos y nucleolos, el pleomorfismo nuclear y el aumento de la relación núcleo-citoplasma, siendo el paladar blando el sitio más frecuente. Conclusiones todos los pacientes fumadores mostraron lesiones eritroplásicas al examen clínico bucal, lo cual fue confirmado por estudio histopatológico.

Foundation erythroplasia is the most aggressive precancerous lesion in the oral cavity, with great potential for malignant transformation. At the time of performing the biopsy and analyzing the sample, severe dysplasia or invasive carcinoma may appear. Objective to describe the clinical and histopathological manifestations of oral erythroplasia in patients who are active tobacco smokers. Methods a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, with 12 smokers clinically and histopathologically diagnosed with oral erythroplasia, attended in the Specialties Polyclinic stomatological consultation of the Saturnino Lora Torres Hospital, in Santiago de Cuba. For the collection of the primary data, a survey was made with the variables: age, sex, clinical diagnosis, time in the smoking habit, different ways of consuming tobacco, anatomical location and histopathological study of the disease. Results the male sex, the age group of 60 years old and over, and conventional smokers of 21 and over prevailed. Intense chronic inflammatory infiltrate and severe epithelial dysplasia were the most common tissue changes. The tissue dysplastic signs most involved were alteration of the interpapillary nails, loss of polarity of the basal cells, and hyperplasia of the basal layer cells; while the most relevant cytological dysplastics were hyperchromasia of nuclei and nucleoli, nuclear pleomorphism and increased nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, with the soft palate being the most frequent site. Conclusions all the smoking patients showed erythroplastic lesions on oral clinical examination, which was confirmed by histopathological study.

Cisticercosis lingual. Diagnóstico, manejo clínico y tratamiento de un caso clínico / Lingual cysticercosis. Diagnosis, clinical management and treatment of a clinical case

Objetivo: Las comunicaciones bucosinusales y buco- nasales son condiciones patológicas que se caracterizan por la presencia de una solución de continuidad entre la cavidad bucal y el seno maxilar o la cavidad nasal respectivamente. Una vez que se ha instalado una comunicación es deseable ce- rrar este defecto, evitando así la infección del seno maxilar y posibles dificultades en la deglución, fonación y masticación. Se han propuesto diferentes tratamientos para su resolución, algunos no quirúrgicos y otros quirúrgicos. Los quirúrgicos pueden realizarse desplazando tejidos locales, regionales o injertando. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar situaciones clínicas de comunicaciones bucosinusales y buco- nasales con diferentes etiologías y sus distintos tratamientos según tamaño y ubicación del defecto. Casos clínicos: Se identificaron pacientes que asistie- ron al Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital Piñero presentando cuatro comunicaciones bucosinusales agudas y crónicas y una comunicación buconasal crónica. Los casos analizados fueron tratados de manera quirúrgica utilizando di- versos colgajos según tamaño y ubicación del defecto (AU)

Aim: Oroantral and oronasal communications are patho- logical conditions characterized by the presence of a solu- tion of continuity between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus or nasal cavity respectively. Once a communication has been installed, it is desirable to close this defect, thus avoid- ing infection of the maxillary sinus and possible difficulties in swallowing, phonation, and mastication. Different treatments have been proposed for its resolution, some non-surgical and others surgical. Surgical procedures can be performed by dis- placing local or regional tissue or by grafting. The aim of this case report is to present clinical situations of oral sinus and oral nasal communication with different etiologies and their different treatments according to the size and location of the defect. Clinical cases: A group of patients who attended the Maxillofacial Surgery Service of Piñero Hospital presenting four acute and chronic oral sinus and one oronasal communi- cations were identified. The analyzed cases were treated sur- gically using different flaps according to the size and location of the defect (AU)

Prevalencia de patología infantil dental y de la mucosa en un servicio de urgencias hospitalario / Prevalence of dental and mucosal lesions among the pediatric population who attended the emergency department of a general hospital

Fundamento: La elevada prevalencia de la patología oral infantil incentiva a conocer sus manifestaciones y el carácter urgente de las mismas, objetivo del presente estudio. Metodología: Estudio transversal que incluyó pacientes de edad <14 años que acudieron a un servicio de urgencias durante un año. Se analizó la relación entre las variables recogidas y la patología oral. Resultados: Se incluyeron 55 pacientes, 45,5% niñas, edad media 4,11 años (10 días a 13 años). Globalmente, predominó la patología mucosa (74,5%) frente a la dentaria, y el origen infeccioso (54,6%) frente al traumático (14,5%). La patología dentaria (50% odontalgia y 35,7% infecciones) se asoció significativamente a edad >6 años (66,7 vs 10%), dolor (40,7 vs 10,7%) y ausencia de fiebre (37,9 vs 11,5%). La patología mucosa (61% infecciones: 53,7% víricas y 31,7% por herpangina) se asoció significativamente a edad ≤6 años (60 vs 6,7%;) y fiebre (76,9 vs 17,2%). Se observaron seis lesiones traumáticas sobre la mucosa y dos en los dientes; significativamente más pacientes acudieron a urgencias antes de 24 horas (mediana =1 hora) que en caso de infección (100 vs 51,7%). La edad ≤6 años se asoció significativamente a fiebre, patología mucosa, infección de la mucosa y herpangina, y la >6 años se asoció a dolor, tratamiento antibiótico previo y al alta y pauta previa de AINE. Conclusión: La patología oral infantil atendida en el servicio de urgencias analizado fue de la mucosa y origen infeccioso, predominando la dentaria en >6 años y la mucosa en ≤6 años, sin diferencia por sexo.(AU)

Background: The high prevalence of oral pathology in children encourages to gain further understanding on their manifestations and urgent nature, objective of the present study. Methodology: Crosssectional study that included patients aged <14 years of age who attended an emergency department over a oneyear period. The relationship between the variables collected and oral pathology was analyzed. Results: Fifty-five patients were included, 45.5% girls, mean age 4.11 years (10 days to 13 years). Overall, mucosal pathology (74.5%) prevailed over dental ones, and lesions of infectious origin (54.6%) over the traumatic ones (14.5%). Dental pathology (50% toothache and 35.7% infections) was significantly associated with being >6 years (66.7 vs 10%), pain (40.7 vs 10.7%) and absence of fever (37.9 vs 11.5%). Mucosal pathology (61% infections: 53.7% viral and 31.7% due to herpangina) was significantly associated with being ≤6 years (60 vs 6.7%) and having fever (76.9 vs 17.2%). Six traumatic lesions on the mucosa and two on the teeth were observed; significantly more patients attended the emergency room within 24 hours (median =1 hour) than in the case of infection (100 vs 51.7%). Being ≤6 years was significantly associated with fever, mucosal pathology, mucosal infection, and herpangina, and being >6 years was associated with pain, previous antibiotic treatment and at discharge, and previous NSAID regimen. Conclusions: The analyzed pediatric oral pathologies treated in the emergency department are of mucosal and infectious origin. Dental disease prevail in children >6 years of age and mucosal lesions in those ≤6 years; no sex differences are observed.

Cisticercosis lingual. Diagnóstico, manejo clínico y tratamiento de un caso clínico / Lingual cysticercosis. Diagnosis, clinical management and treatment of a clinical case

Resumen Objetivo La cisticercosis es una infección causada por el estado larvario de la tenia del cerdo, Taenia solium. La cavidad bucal es un sitio raro para su localización y representa un desafío diagnóstico para los odontólogos. Se presenta un caso clínico poco frecuente de una cisticercosis lingual en un paciente adulto y su resolución. Caso clínico Paciente de sexo femenino de 23 años de edad, que se presenta ambulatoriamente por una lesión tumoral localizada en el borde lingual del lado derecho, indolora, de crecimiento lento y evolución crónica. Si bien este tipo de tumor es infrecuente, es importante tener conocimiento de su existencia para su correcto diagnóstico clínico, diferencial y su tratamiento.

Abstract Aim Cysticercosis is an infection caused by the larval state of the pig's tapeworm, Taenia solium. The oral cavity is a rare place for its location and represents a diagnostic challenge for dentists. This article presents a rare clinical case of a lingual cysticercosis in an adult patient and its resolution. Clinical case: A 23 -year-old female patient presents as an outpatient due to a tumor lesion located on the right side of the lingual edge, painless, slow-growing and chronic evolution. Although this type of tumor is uncommon, it is important to have knowledge of its existence for its correct clinical, differential diagnosis and treatment.

Avaliação da percepção da saúde bucal em pacientes com doença de Crohn / Assessment of self-perceived oral health among patients with Crohn´s disease

A doença de Crohn pertence ao grupo das doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII), que são condições patológicas que afetam o trato gastrointestinal. As manifestações orais da DC podem ser causadas pela própria doença, pela terapia farmacológica ou por deficiências nutricionais associadas à doença. A saúde bucal pode afetar as pessoas física e psicologicamente e pode influenciar diversos aspectos da vida cotidiana, como a forma de falar, mastigar, socializar, além da escolha de alimentos e do bem-estar como um todo. Assim sendo, a influência das condições bucais sobre os fatores da qualidade de vida relacionados à saúde dos pacientes deve ser avaliada. O Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) é um instrumento em forma de questionário, que foi previamente validado para o Brasil e utilizado em diferentes faixas-etárias, e revela o impacto da saúde bucal no cotidiano das pessoas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a percepção do impacto da saúde bucal na vida diária dos indivíduos com DC. Os participantes incluídos no estudo foram aqueles com DC em acompanhamento ambulatorial, durante o período do estudo. A amostra do controle foi formada por pacientes do ambulatório de ortopedia do mesmo hospital, balanceados por gênero e idade, respectivamente. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, e foi aplicado o questionário OHIP-14, para avaliar o impacto da saúde bucal na vida diária dos participantes da pesquisa. Os dados coletados foram analisados para verificar se houve diferenças no impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida entre indivíduos com DC e controles. Foram realizados testes estatisticos apropriados, comparando os grupos. Não houve diferenças entre grupos, em relação às características sociodemográficas, sendo composto principalmente por mulheres, pessoas não brancas, com nível de instrução até ensino médio completo, recebendo até 3 salários-mínimos. A maioria nunca fumou e não faz ingestão de álcool. De acordo com as respostas do questionário, houve impacto negativo da saúde bucal na vida diária dos participantes dos dois grupos. As dimensões de desconforto psicológico e dor física foram negativamente mais afetadas e a limitação social, incapacidade social e desvantagem social, as dimensões menos afetadas, não havendo diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos, em nenhuma das dimensões do OHIP14, nem na pontuação total. Foi encontrado ao menos um impacto negativo da condição de saúde bucal em 83% dos indivíduos do grupo controle e 94% do grupo DC, sem diferença significativa entre os grupos. Foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação ao sangramento gengival (p=0,033) no qual 23 (43,4%) pacientes com DC relataram ter sangramento gengival e entre os controles apenas 6 (19,4%) tinham a mesma queixa. Todos os pacientes que perceberam o sangramento gengival relataram 1 ou mais impactos negativos no questionário (p=0,046). A saúde bucal do grupo DC é impactada negativamente sob ótica do OHIP-14, principalmente nos domínios dor física e desconforto psicológico, com os quais têm associação às perdas dentárias, presença de machucados na boca e de sangramento gengival, detectados pelo questionário de autoavaliação. A maior frequência de sangramento gengival percebido no grupo DC sugere uma condição periodontal pior em comparação ao controle, que deve ser verificada e confirmada em estudos clínicos de associação. (AU)

Crohn's disease (CD) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease. The oral manifestations of CD may be related to the disease itself, to the pharmacological therapy or to nutritional deficiencies. Oral health may affect various aspects of everyday life, such as the speech, chewing, socialization, and well-being. Thus, the influence of oral conditions on the quality of life related to health should be evaluated. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) has been previously validated for Brazilian Portuguese, and has been applied in different age groups. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of oral health on the daily lives of individuals with CD. Participants included in the study were those with CD attending a specialized outpatient clinic, during the study period. The control sample consisted of patients from the orthopedics clinic of the same hospital, balanced by gender and age. Sociodemographic data were collected, and the OHIP-14 questionnaire was applied to assess the impact of oral health on the daily lives of research participants. Data were analyzed with appropriate statistical tests to verify differences between individuals with CD and controls. The sample was composed mainly of non-white women, with education level up to high school, earning until three minimum wages, and there were no differences between groups, in relation to sociodemographic characteristics. Most of the individuals never smoked or consumed alcohol. There was some negative impact on the answers to the questionnaire. Psychological discomfort and physical pain were negatively the most affected dimensions and social limitation, social incapacity and social disadvantage were the least affected dimensions, and there were no statistical differences between the groups neither in the dimensions, nor in the total of OHIP-14 score. Impact of oral health condition was found in 83% of individuals in the control group and 94% in the CD group, with no significant difference between groups. A statistically significant difference was found in relation to gingival bleeding, which was referred by 23 (43.4%) patients with CD and 6 controls (19.4%, p=0.033). All patients who noticed gingival bleeding reported 1 or more impacts on the questionnaire (p=0.046). . Patients fom both groups reported various negative impacts on their daily lives, with no significant differences between groups. The oral health of the CD group was negatively impacted from the perspective of the OHIP-14, mainly in the domains of physical pain and psychological discomfort, which were associated with tooth loss, presence of mouth sores and gingival bleeding, detected by the self-assessment questionnaire. The higher frequency of perceived gingival bleeding in the CD group suggests a worse periodontal condition compared to controls, which should be verified and confirmed by clinical studies. (AU)

Melanoacantoma oral: estudo clínicopatológico e imunoistoquímico / Oral melanoacanthoma: clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analysis of a case series

O melanoacantoma oral é uma lesão pigmentada benigna, rara, de coloração marrom- preta, que se distingue pelo aparecimento súbito e crescimento rápido. Sua etiologia ainda não foi bem determinada, mas é sugerido na literatura que possa estar associada a processos reacionais. O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar uma série de casos de melanoacantoma oral, explorando suas características clínicas, histopatológicas e imunoistoquímicas. Neste estudo foram recuperados nove casos de melanoacantoma oral diagnosticadas em quatro serviços de Patologia Oral no Brasil, entre 1956 a 2022. Os dados clínicos foram coletados dos prontuários de biópsia e as lâminas de hematoxilina-eosina foram revisadas para análise histopatológica. A Imuno-histoquímica para TRP2, CD3 e CD20 foi realizada. A média de idade encontrada foi de 47,1 anos (± 19,0), com relação mulher/homem de 2:1. O tamanho médio da lesão foi de 11,0 mm (± 9,3). A apresentação clínica foi predominantemente de lesões maculares (77,8%), com coloração marrom ou preta (77,8%). Múltiplos locais foram acometidos em 3 casos, seguidos por lábio inferior e palato mole (2 cada). O tempo de evolução variou de 1 a 96 meses. As lesões comumente mostraram acantose epitelial (66,7%), espongiose (55,6%) e exocitose (77,8%). A melanina foi detectada na lâmina própria de 8 casos. Sete casos apresentaram infiltrado inflamatório na lâmina própria, dos quais todos apresentaram linfócitos. Os plasmócitos foram visualizadas em 4 casos, enquanto eosinófilos, neutrófilos e mastócitos foram raramente observados. As células CD3 positivas predominam sobre as células CD20 positivas em cinco dos sete casos que apresentaram inflamação. Melanócitos positivos para TRP2 foram identificados na camada basal e espinhosa de todos os casos e na camada superficial de três casos. Conclui-se que o melanoacantoma oral ocorre principalmente em pacientes do sexo feminino, podendo acometer uma ampla faixa etária. As lesões geralmente surgem como máculas marrons/pretas, sendo os lábios o local mais comum. LinfócitosT e melanócitos positivos para TRP2 foram consistentemente encontrados e devem participar da patogênese do melanoacantoma oral.

Oral melanoacanthoma is a rare, benign, black-brown pigmented lesion, characterized by its sudden appearance and rapid growth. The pathogenesis of oral melanoacanthoma remains uncertain, but most authors suggest a reactive process The aim of the present study is to present a case series of oral melanoacanthoma, exploring its clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features. Nine cases of oral melanoacanthoma were retrieved. Clinical data were collected from biopsy charts. Hematoxylin-eosin slides were reviewed for histopathological analysis. Immunohistochemistry for TRP2, CD3, and CD20 was done. The mean age was 47.1 years (± 19.0), with a female to male ratio of 2:1. Lesion mean size was 11.0 mm (± 9.3). Clinical presentation was mostly of macular lesions (77.8%), with brown or black coloration (77.8%). Multiple sites were affected in 3 cases, followed by lower lip and soft palate (2 each). The evolution time ranged from 1 to 96 months. Lesions commonly showed epithelial acanthosis (66.7%), spongiosis (55.6%), and exocytosis (77.8%). Melanin was detected in the lamina propria of 8 cases. Seven cases showed inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria, from which all showed lymphocytes. Plasma cells were visualized in 4 cases, while eosinophils, neutrophils, and mast cells were rarely seen. CD3-positive cells predominate over the CD20-positive cells in five of the seven cases that presented inflammation. TRP2 positive melanocytes were identified in the basal and spinous layer of all cases, and in the superficial layer of three cases. Oral melanoacanthoma occurs mainly in female patients, and a wide age range may be affected. Lesions usually arise as brown/black macules, and the lips are the most common site. T-lymphocytes and TRP2-positive melanocytes were consistently found and should participate in the pathogenesis of oral melanoacanthoma.

Transmission electron microscopy in oral cytopathology: a pilot study / Microscopia eletrônica de transmissão em citopatologia bucal: um estudo piloto

Introduction: Cytopathology is a collection method that allows cell analysis through the different techniques. The oral mucosa exfoliated cells observation demonstrates morphological, biochemical and/or molecular aspects depending on the type of processing of the sample. Aim: This study tested the use of oral cytopathology associated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe the morphology of cells, mainly in relation to the cell nucleus, the cytoplasmic membrane, and cell junctions. Materials and Methods: Exfoliated epithelial cells from the oral mucosa were analyzed by TEM from individuals exposed to tobacco and alcohol, with leukoplakia or with a histopathological diagnosis of squamous cell carci-noma. Results: The cytoplasmic cell-cell junctions in the malignant samples lost the characteristic irregular pattern formed by the numerous interdigitations and the junctional process of normal cells and started to present a straight cytoplasmic surface. The nuclei of cells from leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma samples showed heterogeneous staining, while non-lesional cells were homogeneous. Discussion: The analysis of oral cytopathological smears by TEM contributes to the un-derstanding of the changes that occur during the process of malignancy of the oral mucosa, especially with regard to the cytoplasmic membrane and intercellular junctions. Conclusion: TEM may be a good analytical method to investigate morphological changes in exfoliated cells of the oral epithelium.

Introdução: A citopatologia é um método de coleta que permite a análise celular por meio de diferentes técnicas. A observação das células esfoliadas da mucosa bucal demonstra aspectos morfológicos, bioquímicos e/ou moleculares dependendo do tipo do processamento empregado. Objetivo: Este estudo testou o emprego da técnica de citopatologia bucal associada à microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) para observar a morfologia das células, principalmente com relação à membrana citoplasmática, as junções celulares e ao núcleo da célula. Materiais eMétodos: Células epiteliais esfoliadas da mucosa bucal foram analisadas por MET de indivíduos expostos a tabaco e álcool, apresentando leucoplasia ou com diagnóstico de carcinoma espinocelular. Resultados:As junções citoplasmáticas célula-célula nas amostras malignas perderam o padrão irregular característico formado pelas inúmeras interdigitações e o processo juncional das células normais e passaram a apresentar uma superfície citoplasmática reta. O núcleo das células das amostras de leucoplasia e do carcinoma espinocelular apresentou coloração heterogênea, enquanto as células não lesionais foram homogêneas. Discussão: A análise de esfregaços citopatológicos bucais por MET contribui para o entendimento das alterações que ocorrem durante o processo de malignidade da mucosa bucal, principal-mente no que diz respeito à membrana citoplasmática e as junções intercelulares. Conclusão: A MET pode ser um bom método analítico para investigar alterações morfológicas em células esfoliadas do epitélio bucal.

Does systemic anticancer gemcitabine compromise oral soft tissue wound healing? / ¿La gemcitabina anticancerígena sistémica compromete la cicatrización de heridas en tejidos blandos orales?

Background: Numerous types of cancer are of substantial medical and social concern, posing a major challenge to modern medicine. Chemotherapeutic drugs include the use of nucleosides, which are composed of nucleic acid and sugar. Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of systemic chemotherapeutic drugs at a therapeutic dose on the wound healing process of the oral mucosa. Material and Methods: 30 healthy rats were randomly divided into two main groups based on the study material, 15 rats in each group. Group A (control) was given a single dose of normal saline (1ml/kg, intraperitoneal), and Group B (study) a single injection of gemcitabine (50 mg /Kg, intraperitoneal). After anesthesia, a full-thickness soft tissue incision (0.5 cm length) on the right side of the buccal mucosa was made in the animals of both groups. Each group was subdivided according to the time of sacrifice into 3, 7, 14 days after surgery, at the end of the experimental periods, specimens were collected for histopathological study, and samples of blood were obtained from retro-orbital venous plexus and collected in microfuge tubes and levels of antioxidant enzymes were measured by ELISA. The data were analyzed statistically at a 0.05 level of significance. Results: Gemcitabine delayed the onset of wound cascade (inflammation and re-epithelization) which lead to worsening healing of the oral tissue; it also resulted in a decrease of the antioxidant activity of glutathione peroxidase and catalase, as well as activated caspase 3, which induces cell apoptosis. Conclusion: Gemcitabine showed negative feedback on oral tissue wound healing through delayed wound healing cascade and by inducing apoptosis.

Antecedentes: numerosos tipos de cáncer son motivo de gran preocupación médica y social, lo que representa un gran desafío para la medicina moderna. Los fármacos quimioterapéuticos incluyen el uso de nucleósidos, que están compuestos de ácido nucleico y azúcar. Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el impacto de los fármacos quimioterapéuticos sistémicos a una dosis terapéutica en el proceso de cicatrización de heridas de la mucosa oral. Material y Métodos: 30 ratas sanas se dividieron aleatoriamente en dos grupos principales según el material de estudio, 15 ratas en cada grupo. Al grupo A (control) se le administró una dosis única de solución salina normal (1 ml/kg, intraperitoneal) y al grupo B (estudio) una inyección única de gemcitabina (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). Después de la anestesia, se realizó una incisión de tejido blando de espesor total (0,5 cm de longitud) en el lado derecho de la mucosa bucal en los animales de ambos grupos. Cada grupo se subdividió de acuerdo al tiempo de sacrificio en 3, 7, 14 días después de la cirugía, al final de los períodos experimentales se colectaron especímenes para estudio histopatológico, se obtuvieron muestras de sangre del plexo venoso retroorbitario y se recolectaron en tubos de microcentrífuga y los niveles de enzimas antioxidantes se midieron por ELISA. Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente a un nivel de significación de 0,05. Resultados: La gemcitabina retrasó el inicio de la cascada de heridas (inflamación y reepitelización) que condujo a un empeoramiento de la cicatrización del tejido oral; también resultó en una disminución de la actividad antioxidante de la glutatión peroxidasa y la catalasa, así como de la caspasa 3 activada, que induce la apoptosis celular. Conclusión: La gemcitabina mostró retroalimentación negativa sobre la cicatrización de heridas del tejido oral a través de una cascada de cicatrización retardada y mediante la inducción de apoptosis.

Paracoccidiodomicosis oral en mujer inmunocompetente: a propósito de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Oral paracoccidiodomycosis in an immunocompetent woman: a case report and literature review

La paracoccidioidomicosis es una enfermedad crónica, sistémica y progresiva, identificada como la segunda micosis más común en Suramérica. Aproximadamente 10millones de habitantes latinoamericanos están infectados. Se encuentra con mayor frecuencia el compromiso pulmonar en hombres adultos agricultores. La paracoccidioidomicosis oral es la segunda forma más frecuente de evolución crónica. Presentamos el caso atípico de una paciente de mediana edad, inmunocompetente, con compromiso de la mucosa oral por infección con paracoccidio y una revisión breve acerca de la infección por paracoccidio en la cavidad oral.(AU)

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a progressive, chronic, systemic disease which is the second most common form of mycosis in South America, affecting approximately 10million people in this region. It occurs most commonly in adult male farmers and mainly affects the lungs. Oral paracoccidioidomycosis is the second most frequent chronic presentation. We report the case of an immunocompetent female patient whose oral mucosae was infected with paracoccidium and discuss oral paracoccidium.(AU)

Lesiones de la mucosa asociadas al uso de prótesis estomatológica en pacientes adultos mayores / Mucosal lesions associated with the use of dental prostheses in elderly patients

RESUMEN Fundamento: La calidad de la prótesis dental y su papel en la aparición de las lesiones bucales, sobre todo en el adulto mayor, resulta de especial interés para la comprensión de la etiología de estas enfermedades y la recomendación de estrategias preventivas. Objetivo: caracterizar la población geriátrica con lesiones en la mucosa bucal asociadas al uso de prótesis estomatológicas. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, que incluyó a todos los pacientes (N=48) portadores de prótesis dental que presentaron lesión de la mucosa, los cuales acudieron a la consulta de prótesis estomatológica, en la Clínica Estomatológica de Especialidades, de Cienfuegos, en el periodo de enero a junio de 2020. Se analizaron las variables: edad, sexo, lesiones bucales, tiempo de uso de la prótesis, hábito de uso y estado técnico. Resultados: predominaron las lesiones en mujeres, con un 70,9 %. El grupo etario más afectado, el de 65-69 años, con 45,4 %. La estomatitis subprótesis representó el 90,2 %, de todas las lesiones, seguida por el épulis fisurado (7,8 %). La presencia de lesión se asoció en un 54,5 % de los casos con el tiempo de uso de 5-9 años. El uso continuo y presencia de prótesis desajustada se evidenciaron en mayor frecuencia, representados en un 76,4 % y 70,9 %, respectivamente. Conclusión: c uestiones como el tiempo de uso prolongado, prótesis desajustada y uso continuo de estas, son características en este grupo poblacional, las cuales guardan una lógica relación con la presencia de lesiones de la mucosa.

ABSTRACT Background The quality of the dental prosthesis and its role in the appearance of oral lesions, especially in the elderly, is of special interest for the etiology understanding of these diseases and the preventive strategies recommendation. Objective to characterize the geriatric population with lesions in the oral mucosa associated with the use of dental prostheses. Methods descriptive study, which included all patients (N=48) with dental prostheses who presented mucosal lesions, who attended the dental prosthesis consultation, at the Specialty Stomatology Clinic, in Cienfuegos, from January to June 2020. The analyzed variables were: age, sex, oral lesions, time of use of the prosthesis, habit of use and technical status. Results lesions in women predominated, with 70.9%. The most affected age group, 65-69 years, with 45.4%. Subprosthesis stomatitis represented 90.2% of all lesions, followed by fissured epulis (7.8%). The presence of injury was associated in 54.5% of cases with a time of use of 5-9 years. The continuous use and presence of maladjusted prostheses were evidenced more frequently, represented in 76.4% and 70.9%, respectively. Conclusion issues such as prolonged use time, maladjusted prosthesis and continuous use of these are characteristic in this population group, which are logically related to the presence of mucosal lesions.

[Oral paracoccidiodomycosis in an immunocompetent woman: a case report and literature review]. / Paracoccidiodomicosis oral en mujer inmunocompetente: a propósito de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a progressive, chronic, systemic disease which is the second most common form of mycosis in South America, affecting approximately 10million people in this region. It occurs most commonly in adult male farmers and mainly affects the lungs. Oral paracoccidioidomycosis is the second most frequent chronic presentation. We report the case of an immunocompetent female patient whose oral mucosae was infected with paracoccidium and discuss oral paracoccidium.

Parámetros histomorfométricos de la mucosa bucal en pacientes portadores de leucoplasia con displasia epitelial / Histomorphometric Parameters of the Buccal Mucosa in Patients with Leukoplakia and Epithelial Dysplasia

RESUMEN Fundamento la leucoplasia es la lesión potencialmente maligna más frecuente en las membranas mucosas de la boca y se puede presentar con diferentes grados de displasia epitelial. El estudio histológico de esta lesión unido a la medición de parámetros morfométricos y estereológicos, permite la mejor comprensión de procesos tanto fisiológicos como patológicos. Objetivo: caracterizar los parámetros histomorfométricos de la mucosa bucal en pacientes portadores de leucoplasia bucal según grado de displasia epitelial. Método: se realizó un estudio de serie de casos, con el objeto de determinar indicadores morfométricos, de lesiones leucoplásicas de la mucosa oral en biopsias de pacientes atendidos en los Servicios de Anatomía Patológica y Maxilofacial del Hospital General Universitario Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima, de la provincia Cienfuegos. La muestra se obtuvo por muestreo intencionado, la cual quedó constituida por 30 láminas histológicas (biopsias), distribuidas en tres grupos de diez láminas por cada grado de displasia epitelial. La variable de estudio fue la caracterización morfométrica de la leucoplasia de la mucosa oral con displasia. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: predominaron tres parámetros en la clasificación de la displasia: alteración de los clavos interpapilares, hiperplasia y pérdida de la polaridad de las células basales. Se constató presencia de ortoparaqueratosis, epitelios hiperplásicos e infiltrado inflamatorio del corion, en más de la mitad de los casos. Hubo significación estadística en las relaciones que se establecieron entre la altura o profundidad de las papilas y la densidad relativa de células según grado de displasia epitelial, al aplicar la estadística inferencial. Conclusiones: predominaron tres parámetros en la clasificación de la displasia. Se constató presencia de ortoparaqueratosis, epitelios hiperplásicos e infiltrado inflamatorio del corion, en más de la mitad de los casos.

ABSTRACT Background: leukoplakia is the most frequent potentially malignant lesion in the mucous membranes of the mouth and can present with different degrees of epithelial dysplasia. The histological study of this lesion, together with the measurement of morphometric and stereological parameters, allows a better understanding of both physiological and pathological processes. Objective: to characterize the histomorphometric parameters of the oral mucosa in patients with oral leukoplakia according to the degree of epithelial dysplasia. Method: a case series study was carried out in order to determine morphometric indicators of leukoplastic lesions of the oral mucosa in biopsies of patients treated at the Pathology and Maxillofacial Anatomy services of the Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima General University Hospital, in Cienfuegos province. The sample was obtained by intentional sampling, which was made up of 30 histological slides (biopsies), distributed in three groups of ten slides for each degree of epithelial dysplasia. The study variable was the morphometric characterization of oral mucosal leukoplakia with dysplasia. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Results: three parameters prevailed in the classification of dysplasia: alteration of the interpapillary nails, hyperplasia and loss of polarity of the basal cells. The presence of orthoparakeratosis, hyperplastic epithelia and inflammatory infiltrate of the chorion was confirmed in more than half of the cases. There was statistical significance in the relationships established between the height or depth of the papillae and the relative density of cells according to the degree of epithelial dysplasia, when applying inferential statistics. Conclusions: three parameters predominated in the classification of dysplasia. The presence of orthoparakeratosis, hyperplastic epithelia and inflammatory infiltrate of the chorion was confirmed in more than half of the cases.

Variaciones celulares de la mucosa bucal en pacientes portadores de prótesis dental completa / Cellular variations of the oral mucous in patients with complete dental prosthesis i: en

Introducción: La prótesis dental completa genera una reacción tisular en el medio bucal, cuyo diagnóstico puede ser confirmado mediante el estudio citológico, que constituye una herramienta imprescindible para identificar cambios displásicos tempranos de la mucosa subprótesis. Objetivo: Identificar las posibles variaciones celulares de la mucosa bucal en pacientes portadores de prótesis completa. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente Mártires del Moncada de Santiago de Cuba, de junio de 2014 a enero de 2019, de 100 pacientes atendidos en la consulta de Prótesis Estomatológica, a los cuales se les realizó el raspado citológico de la mucosa del paladar y los rebordes para su posterior análisis microscópico según variables de interés. Para el procesamiento estadístico se empleó el porcentaje como medida de resumen y el estadígrafo de la Χ2, con un nivel de significación de 0,05. Resultados: En la serie predominaron las displasias leves (66,7 %), que resultaron más frecuentes en las edades de 20 a 39 años (12,5 %), en tanto, las moderadas y las graves figuraron principalmente en el grupo etario de 60 y más años (9,3 y 27,7 %, respectivamente). Todos los tipos de displasia primaron en los pacientes que habían portado la prótesis por más de 5 años y afectaron mayormente la queratina; de igual modo, entre las lesiones observadas, la estomatitis afectaba a un mayor porcentaje (31,2), sobre todo en el paladar (82,3 %), mientras que 8,3 % correspondió a la leucoplasia. Conclusión: Las pruebas citológicas son imprescindibles para la confirmación diagnóstica de cambios displásicos y posibilitan la prevención temprana del cáncer bucal.

Introduction: The complete dental prosthesis generates a tisular reaction in the oral cavity which diagnosis can be confirmed by means of citological study that constitutes an indispensable tool to identify early dysplastic changes of the subprosthesis mucous. Objective: To identify the oral possible cellular variations of the oral mucous in patients with complete prosthesis. Methods: A descriptive and cross sectional study was carried out in Mártires del Moncada Provincial Stomatological Clinic of Santiago de Cuba, from June, 2014 to January, 2019, with 100 patients, assisted in the Stomatological Prosthesis Department to whom the cytological scrapings of the palate and the edges were carried out for their later microscopic analysis according to variables of interest. For the statistical procedures, the percentage was used as summary measure and the Chi squared statistician, with a significance level of 0,05. Results: In the series the mild dysplasias prevailed (66,7%) that were more frequent in the 20 to 39 age group (12,5%), while the moderate and the serious dysplasias figured mainly in the age group of 60 and over (9,3 and 27,7%, respectively). All the dysplasia types prevailed in the patients that had carried the prosthesis for more than 5 years and they mostly affected the keratin; in a same way, among the observed lesions, the stomatitis affected a higher percentage (31,2), mainly in the palate (82,3%), while 8,3% corresponded to the leukoplakia. Conclusion: The cytological checkups are indispensable for the diagnostic confirmation of dysplasic changes and they allow to prevent early oral cancer.

Urgencia odontopediátrica asociada a Bola Adiposa de Bichat: informe de un caso / Pediatric dental emergency associated with Bichat ́s fat pad: a case report

Objetivo: Presentar la resolución quirúrgica de un caso clínico poco frecuente en un paciente pediátrico luego de ha- ber sufrido la herniación traumática de la Bola Adiposa de Bichat. Caso clínico: Un paciente de 3 años concurre a la guar- dia del Hospital Interzonal Especializado Materno Infantil "Don Victorio Tetamanti" de Mar del Plata, luego de haber sufrido un traumatismo que le provocó el desplazamiento par- cial de la Bola Adiposa de Bichat. Si bien este tipo de urgencias es poco frecuente, es impor- tante tener los conocimientos para un correcto diagnóstico y tratamiento (AU))

Aim: To present the surgical resolution of an infrequent clinical case in a pediatric patient who suffered traumatic herniation of Bichat's fat pad. Clinical case: A 3-year-old patient who visited the Emergency Service at the "Don Victorio Tetamanti" Hospital in Mar del Plata after suffering a trauma which caused the partial displacement of Bichat's fat pad. Although this type of emergency is quite rare, it is important to know how to per- form proper diagnosis and treatment (AU)

Prevalencia de enfermedades de la mucosa oral, registradas entre 2014-2018 en un hospital docente en Perú / Prevalence of oral mucosa diseases registered between 2014-2018 in a teaching hospital in Perú

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de las enfermedades de la mucosa oral, entre el 2014-2018 en el servicio de odontología de un Hospital Regional Docente, de la ciudad de Chiclayo, Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo; mediante el muestreo aleatorio simple se revisó por medio de una ficha de recolección de datos 370 historias clínicas de pacientes mayores de edad, teniendo en cuenta los niveles de población general, género y edad. Resultados: Se encontró que la tasa de prevalencia es alta con 52.7% entre el 2014 al 2018. Las enfermedades más comunes fueron las bacterianas, como la periodontitis necrosante con un 21.0%, y entre otras enfermedades; ocupando el primer lugar está el abceso con un 64.1%; dentro de las edades con una mayor incidencia están entre 32 a más años con un 62.9% y con respecto al género, el femenino obtuvo un 59.0%. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de enfermedades de la mucosa oral es alta y más frecuente en los jóvenes de género femenino; no existen programas promocionales implementados dirigidos a ese tipo de patologías, ni a ese grupo etáreo lo que deja un vacío en la prevención de las mismas que conlleva afirmar los resultados obtenidos.

Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of oral mucosa diseases from 2014 to 2018 in the dentistry service of a regional teaching hospital in the city of Chiclayo, Perú. Materials and methods: Descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study; by random sampling, a revision using a data collection form from 370 medical records of patients of legal age, taking into account general population, gender and age levels. Results: The prevalence rate was found to be high with 52.7% between 2014 to 2018. The most common diseases were bacterial diseases such as necrotizing periodontitis with a 21.0%, and among other diseases, in the first place was the abscess with 64.1%; the ages with the highest prevalence are between 32 and more years with a 62.9% and with respect to gender, the female gender obtained a 59.0% of the total. Conclusion: The prevalence of oral mucosa diseases is high; more frequent in young females; there are not promotional programs implemented at this type of pathologies or at that age group. Which leaves a void in the prevention of the same that entails affirming the results obtained.

El hábito de fumar y su relación con afecciones bucales en adolescentes / Smoking and its relationship with oral conditions in adolescents

RESUMEN Introducción: El hábito de fumar está asociado a una gran variedad de cambios perjudiciales en la cavidad bucal, pues altera su microambiente y lo predispone para que se presenten diversas afecciones. Objetivo: Determinar la posible relación del hábito de fumar con las afecciones bucales en adolescentes. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional en adolescentes del Centro Mixto «Pepito Tey» de San Diego del Valle, Cifuentes, en el período comprendido entre septiembre de 2016 y octubre de 2018. La población de estudio, conformada por 208 adolescentes, se organizó en dos estratos: grupo estudio y grupo control. Se seleccionaron dos muestras probabilísticas por muestreo aleatorio simple (60 adolescentes en cada grupo). Resultados: Predominaron adolescentes de 12 años, fumadores leves, del sexo masculino, con inicio del hábito entre 14-15 años y práctica de este hábito de menos de 6 meses. Se asociaron al hábito de fumar: la caries dental, la enfermedad periodontal, las manchas dentales, las lesiones de la mucosa bucal y la halitosis. Conclusiones: Predominaron adolescentes fumadores masculinos de 12 años. La gran mayoría de los fumadores fueron clasificados como leves, con inicio del hábito entre los 14-15 años de edad, y con práctica desde hace menos de seis meses. Existió asociación significativa entre el hábito de fumar y las afecciones bucales (enfermedad periodontal, caries dental, mancha dental, halitosis y lesión de la mucosa bucal).

ABSTRACT Introduction: smoking is associated with a wide variety of harmful changes in the oral cavity, since it alters its microenvironment and predisposes it to the occurrence of various conditions. Objective: to determine the possible relationship between smoking and oral conditions in adolescents. Method: an observational study was carried out in adolescents from "Pepito Tey" Mixed Center, in San Diego del Valle, Cifuentes between September 2016 and October 2018. The study population, made up of 208 adolescents, was organized into two strata: study group and control ones. Two probabilistic samples were selected by simple random sampling (60 adolescents in each group). Results: 12-year-old male light smokers, who started smoking between 14 and 15 years of age and practiced this habit for less than 6 months, predominated. Dental caries, periodontal disease, dental stains, oral mucosal lesions and halitosis were associated with smoking. Conclusions: 12-year-old male adolescent smokers predominated. Most smokers were classified as light, started smoking between 14 and 15 years of age and practiced this habit for less than 6 months. There was a significant association between smoking and oral conditions (periodontal disease, dental caries, dental stains, halitosis and oral mucosal lesions).

Prevalencia de lesiones orales en 2.564 casos histopatológicos de una población colombiana / Prevalence of oral lesions in 2.564 histopathological cases of a Colombian population

Antecedentes y objetivo: Las lesiones de la mucosa oral varían según la edad, el sexo, y factores particulares a cada población; lo que hace necesario realizar un seguimiento amplio y contextualizado. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar el tipo y la prevalencia de las lesiones de la mucosa oral en pacientes dentales en una entidad de atención y enseñanza en el centro de Colombia. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo que consideró una base de datos de 2.564 casos. Para el análisis de la mucosa oral se dividió en tres tipos: mucosa de revestimiento, masticatoria y especializada. Los diagnósticos histopatológicos se agruparon en lesiones neoplásicas benignas, neoplásicas malignas, procesos reactivos, procesos infecciosos, alteraciones inmunológicas, trastornos del desarrollo y otros. Se realizó un análisis estadístico de frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: El diagnóstico más prevalente fue el relacionado con procesos reactivos 39,3%, seguido de procesos infecciosos (17%), y neoplasias benignas (17%) y malignas (8,7%). Los procesos reactivos fueron los más frecuentes para ambos sexos, con mayor prevalencia en mujeres (58,4%). Los procesos reactivos se presentan con mayor frecuencia en la primera década de la vida; los infecciosos en las dos primeras décadas; las neoplasias benignas en la segunda década de la vida y las neoplasias malignas en mayores de 60 años. Conclusiones: Existe una mayor prevalencia de lesiones reactivas de la mucosa oral en la población de la muestra, aunque la naturaleza de las lesiones varía según la edad y sexos, lo que hace necesario fortalecer el diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento oportuno de ellas. (AU)

Background and objective: Oral mucosal lesions vary according to age, sex, and factors specific to each population; which makes it necessary to carry out a comprehensive and contextualized monitoring. The objective of the study was to characterize the type and prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in dental patients in a care and teaching entity in central Colombia. Materials and method: Descriptive observational study that considered a database of 2.564 cases. For the analysis of the oral mucosa it was divided into three types: lining, chewing and specialized mucosa. Histopathological diagnoses were grouped into benign neoplastic lesions, malignant neoplastic, reactive processes, infectious processes, immunological alterations, developmental disorders and others. A statistical analysis of absolute and relative frequencies was performed. Results: The most prevalent diagnosis was related to reactive processes 39,3%, followed by infectious processes (17%), and benign (17%) and malignant neoplasms (8,7%). The reactive processes were the most frequent for both sexes, with the highest prevalence in women (58,4%). Reactive processes occur most frequently in the first decade of life; the infectious in the first two decades; benign neoplasms in the second decade of life and malignant neoplasms in people over 60 years. Conclusions: There is a higher prevalence of reactive lesions of the oral mucosa in the sample population, although the nature of the lesions varies according to age and sex, which makes it necessary to strengthen the early diagnosis and timely treatment of them. (AU)

Efectividad de ozonoterapia en tratamiento de gingivitis en adolescentes, Pinar del Río 2019 / Effectiveness of ozone-therapy in the treatment of gingivitis in adolescents, Pinar del Rio 2019

RESUMEN Introducción: el ozono por su amplia gama de propiedades es útil para tratar afecciones bucales como la gingivitis crónica. Objetivo: demostrar efectividad de la ozonoterapia en el tratamiento de la gingivitis crónica en adolescentes en el Policlínico "Pedro Borrás Astorga", del municipio Pinar del Río, en el período comprendido entre enero y septiembre de 2019. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, longitudinal, de casos y control. La muestra quedó conformada por 50 pacientes seleccionados por el método no probabilístico intencionado, teniendo en cuenta los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Para un mejor estudio se formaron dos grupos, uno de estudio tratado con oleozón y otro de control tratado con propóleos al 5 %, con 25 pacientes cada uno. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos, y se aplicó la prueba de Chi cuadrado con un nivel de significación de p=0.05. Resultados: se demostró la efectividad de la aplicación del oleozón en la muestra seleccionada al presentar una evaluación terapéutica de los pacientes más favorable con respecto a los tratados con propóleos al 5%, alcanzando la mayor cantidad de pacientes curados y con éxito en el tratamiento de la gingivitis crónica, la que fue más presentada por adolescentes masculinos de 13 años, prevaleció en su forma moderada, y la higiene bucal deficiente fue el factor de riesgo de mayor incidencia en su aparición. Conclusiones: la ozonoterapia resultó ser un tratamiento efectivo para la gingivitis crónica en los adolescentes estudiados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the ozone due to its ample range of properties is useful to treat oral diseases as chronic gingivitis. Objective: to demonstrate the effectiveness of ozone-therapy in the treatment of chronic gingivitis in adolescents at Pedro Borras Astorga Polyclinic, Pinar del Rio municipality, during the period between January and September 2019. Methods: an observational, analytical, longitudinal study of case and control. The sample comprised 50 patients chosen by intentional non-probabilistic method, considering the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. To carry out a better study two groups were included, a study group treated with oil-ozone and a control one treated with propolis at 5 %, with 25 patients each of the group. Theoretical and empirical methods were applied, and the chi-squared test with a significance level of p=0.05. Results: the effectiveness of the application of oil-ozone was demonstrated in the sample chosen when presenting a more favorable therapeutic evaluation of the patients, respect to those treated with propolis at 5 %, reaching the greatest quantity of cured patients and with success in the treatment of chronic gingivitis, which was more frequent in male adolescents (13 years old), its moderate type prevailed, a deficient oral hygiene was the risk factor of highest incidence in its onset. Conclusions: the ozone-therapy resulted in an effective treatment for chronic gingivitis in the studied adolescents.

Pênfigo Vulgar Oral em Idosa: Condutas de um Caso Desafiador / Oral Pemphigus Vulgaris in Old Woman: Conducts of a Challenging Case

A doença pênfigo é uma enfermidade autoimune que dependendo do nível de acometimento epitelial, pode ser classificada em pênfigo vulgar, vegetante, eritematoso e foliáceo. Além desses, há também o denominado pênfigo paraneoplásico, que ocorre especialmente em casos que há vínculo a neoplasias malignas com destaque para os linfomas. Somente os tipos vulgar e vegetante podem afetar a mucosa oral, sendo o pênfigo vulgar o mais prevalente. O mecanismo fisiopatológico da doença é caracterizado pela ação de autoanticorpos contra as proteínas desmogleínas dos desmossomos encontrados nas células epiteliais, desencadeando assim, a formação de fendas intraepiteliais e bolhas. O manejo dos pacientes com pênfigo vulgar oral é bastante desafiador, especialmente em casos de indivíduos idosos e portadores de comorbidades. O presente trabalho objetiva discutir aspectos contemporâneos do pênfigo vulgar oral e elucidar o caso de uma idosa acometida pela doença, destacando toda a propedêutica utilizada no seu atendimento e o tratamento empregado, com o uso de corticoides sistêmicos e acompanhamento constante da condição da paciente, uma vez que o pênfigo vulgar é uma doença que não tem cura.

Pemphigus is an autoimmune disease that, depending on the level of epithelial involvement, can be classified into pemphigus vulgaris, vegetans, erythematosus and foliaceus. In addition to these, there is also the so-called paraneoplastic pemphigus, which occurs especially when there is a link to malignant neoplasms with emphasis on lymphomas. Only the vulgaris and vegetans types can affect the oral mucosa, with pemphigus vulgaris being the most prevalent one. The pathophysiological mechanism of the disease is characterized by the action of autoantibodies against the desmoglein proteins of the desmosomes found in the epithelial cells, thus triggering the formation of intraepithelial clefts and blisters. The management of patients with oral pemphigus vulgaris is quite challenging, especially in cases of older individuals and patients with comorbidities. This study discusses contemporary aspects of oral pemphigus vulgaris and elucidate the case of an old woman affected by the disease, highlighting all the propaedeutics used in her care and the treatment employed, with the use of systemic corticosteroids and constant follow-up of the patient's condition, since pemphigus vulgaris is a disease that has no cure.